A tetrahedron has 12 orientation-preserving isometries


Let G be the group of rigid motions (i.e., orientation preserving isometries) of a tetrahedron in \mathbb{R}^3. Show that |G| = 12.

For reference, consider the following diagram of a tetrahedron.
Picture of a Tetrahedron
Let \theta be an orientation-preserving isometry of the tetrahedron; that is, if the vertices of a face, read clockwise from outside the figure, are XYZ, then \theta(X) \theta(Y) \theta(Z) are the vertices of the corresponding face, read clockwise from outside the figure, of the isometric copy.
There are 4 possibilities for \theta(1). Once \theta(1) is chosen, there are 3 possibilities for \theta(2). Now once \theta(1) and \theta(2) are chosen, \theta(3) is determined by orientation, and there is only one possibility remaining for \theta(4). Thus there are 3 \cdot 4 = 12 total possibilities for \theta, all distinct. Hence |G| = 12.





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